feat: add parse-args CLI utility for argument parsing

[mohsinkhan85090]

Summary

Added a new CLI utility parse-args for parsing command-line arguments.

Features

• Supports long options (--key=value, --key value)
• Supports short flags (-abc)
• Handles positional arguments
• Read, understood, and followed the contributing guidelines

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[stdlib-bot]

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Hello! Thank you for your contribution to stdlib.

We noticed that the contributing guidelines acknowledgment is missing from your pull request. Here's what you need to do:

1. Please read our contributing guidelines.

2. Update your pull request description to include this checked box:

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[mohsinkhan85090]

Hi @stdlib-bot / maintainers,

All checks are ready and the PR is up-to-date. Kindly approve the workflows so CI can run and review can proceed. Thank you!

[mohsinkhan85090]

@reviewers Could you please review this PR when convenient? All CI checks are ready once workflows are approved.

[mohsinkhan85090]

Hi @kgryte
I hope you're doing well. I wanted to kindly ask if you could approve the workflows for this PR so that the CI checks can run.

This is my first contribution, and I’ve made sure to follow all contributing guidelines. I would really appreciate your review whenever you have time.

Thank you!

[stdlib-bot]

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